Individual differences in working memory and reading. First citation in article Crossref, Google ScholarĬarpenter, P.A. First citation in article Crossref, Google Scholar Taking a computational approach to aging: The SPAN theory of working memory. First citation in article Crossref, Google Scholarīyrne, M.D. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, 575–589. Word length and the structure of short-term memory. First citation in article Google Scholarīuchanan, M. First citation in article Google Scholarīaddeley, A.D. Philadelphia, PA: Linguistic Data Consortium. Finally, an important advantage of the new RST is that the different language versions make cross-linguistic comparisons of RST results possible. The results showed that the new RST is a suitable test to investigate verbal working memory. In addition, the internal and external reliability and the ecological validity of the new RST were tested. A plausibility test, an abstract-concrete rating scale, and a pilot-study were conducted on native speakers to test the new RST. The new RST meets strict methodological criteria that are the same for all four language versions. This paper presents the results of testing a new standard computerized version of the RST in four languages (Dutch, English, German, and Norwegian). However, all versions changed different things, making direct comparisons of the results with the RST between different research groups and across different languages impossible. Several versions have been made in order to further improve the test or to develop a version in a different language. The original RST ( Daneman & Carpenter, 1980), and derivatives of it, are being used increasingly as assessments of central executive functioning and for research on aging-associated cognitive decline ( Whitney, Arnett, Driver, & Budd, 2001). The Reading Span Test (RST) is a verbal working-memory test.
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